Methodological aspects of clinical trials in tinnitus: A proposal for an international standard
Identifieur interne : 000069 ( France/Analysis ); précédent : 000068; suivant : 000070Methodological aspects of clinical trials in tinnitus: A proposal for an international standard
Auteurs : Michael Landgrebe [Allemagne] ; Andréia Azevedo [Brésil] ; David Baguley [Royaume-Uni] ; Carol Bauer [États-Unis] ; Anthony Cacace [États-Unis] ; Claudia Coelho [Brésil] ; John Dornhoffer [États-Unis] ; Ricardo Figueiredo [Brésil] ; Herta Flor [Allemagne] ; Goeran Hajak [Allemagne] ; Paul Van De Heyning [Belgique] ; Wolfgang Hiller [Allemagne] ; Eman Khedr [Égypte] ; Tobias Kleinjung [Suisse] ; Michael Koller [Allemagne] ; Jose Miguel Lainez [Espagne] ; Alain Londero [France] ; William H. Martin [États-Unis] ; Mark Mennemeier [États-Unis] ; Jay Piccirillo [États-Unis] ; Dirk De Ridder [Belgique] ; Rainer Rupprecht [Allemagne] ; Grant Searchfield [Nouvelle-Zélande] ; Sven Vanneste [Belgique] ; Florian Zeman [Allemagne] ; Berthold Langguth [Allemagne]Source :
- Journal of psychosomatic research [ 0022-3999 ] ; 2012.
Abstract
Chronic tinnitus is a common condition with a high burden of disease. While many different treatments are used in clinical practice, the evidence for the efficacy of these treatments is low and the variance of treatment response between individuals is high. This is most likely due to the great heterogeneity of tinnitus with respect to clinical features as well as underlying pathophysiological mechanisms. There is a clear need to find effective treatment options in tinnitus, however, clinical trials differ substantially with respect to methodological quality and design. Consequently, the conclusions that can be derived from these studies are limited and jeopardize comparison between studies. Here, we discuss our view of the most important aspects of trial design in clinical studies in tinnitus and make suggestions for an international methodological standard in tinnitus trials. We hope that the proposed methodological standard will stimulate scientific discussion and will help to improve the quality of trials in tinnitus.
Url:
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2012.05.002
PubMed: 22789414
PubMed Central: 3897200
Affiliations:
- Allemagne, Belgique, Brésil, Espagne, France, Nouvelle-Zélande, Royaume-Uni, Suisse, Égypte, États-Unis
- Arkansas, Bade-Wurtemberg, Canton de Zurich, District de Karlsruhe, Illinois, Michigan, Missouri (État), Oregon, Rio Grande do Sul
- Mannheim, Paris, Portland, Saint-Louis (Missouri), Zurich
- Université de Zurich, Université des sciences et de la médecine de l'Oregon, École de médecine (Université Washington de Saint-Louis)
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xml:lang="fr">Égypte</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurology, Assiut University Hospital, Assiut</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Assiut</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kleinjung, Tobias" sort="Kleinjung, Tobias" uniqKey="Kleinjung T" first="Tobias" last="Kleinjung">Tobias Kleinjung</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A14">Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Zurich, Switzerland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Zurich</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Zurich</settlement><region nuts="3" type="region">Canton de Zurich</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université de Zurich</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Koller, Michael" sort="Koller, Michael" uniqKey="Koller M" first="Michael" last="Koller">Michael Koller</name><affiliation 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uniqKey="Londero A" first="Alain" last="Londero">Alain Londero</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A17">Service ORL et CCF, Hôpital Européen G. Pompidou, Paris, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Service ORL et CCF, Hôpital Européen G. Pompidou, Paris</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Paris</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Martin, William H" sort="Martin, William H" uniqKey="Martin W" first="William H." last="Martin">William H. Martin</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A18">Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Oregon</region><settlement type="city">Portland</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">Université des sciences et de la médecine de l'Oregon</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mennemeier, Mark" sort="Mennemeier, Mark" uniqKey="Mennemeier M" first="Mark" last="Mennemeier">Mark Mennemeier</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A19">Department of Neurobiology and Developmental Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurobiology and Developmental Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Piccirillo, Jay" sort="Piccirillo, Jay" uniqKey="Piccirillo J" first="Jay" last="Piccirillo">Jay Piccirillo</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A20">Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck and Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck and Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Missouri (État)</region><settlement type="city">Saint-Louis (Missouri)</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">École de médecine (Université Washington de Saint-Louis)</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De Ridder, Dirk" sort="De Ridder, Dirk" uniqKey="De Ridder D" first="Dirk" last="De Ridder">Dirk De Ridder</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A21">TRI Tinnitus Clinic Antwerp, University Hospital Antwerp, Belgium</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Belgique</country><wicri:regionArea>TRI Tinnitus Clinic Antwerp, University Hospital Antwerp</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>University Hospital Antwerp</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rupprecht, Rainer" sort="Rupprecht, Rainer" uniqKey="Rupprecht R" first="Rainer" last="Rupprecht">Rainer Rupprecht</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>University of Regensburg</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>University of Regensburg</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>University of Regensburg</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Searchfield, Grant" sort="Searchfield, Grant" uniqKey="Searchfield G" first="Grant" last="Searchfield">Grant Searchfield</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A22">Section of Audiology, School of Population Health, The University of Auckland, New Zealand</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Nouvelle-Zélande</country><wicri:regionArea>Section of Audiology, School of Population Health, The University of Auckland</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>The University of Auckland</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vanneste, Sven" sort="Vanneste, Sven" uniqKey="Vanneste S" first="Sven" last="Vanneste">Sven Vanneste</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A21">TRI Tinnitus Clinic Antwerp, University Hospital Antwerp, Belgium</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Belgique</country><wicri:regionArea>TRI Tinnitus Clinic Antwerp, University Hospital Antwerp</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>University Hospital Antwerp</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zeman, Florian" sort="Zeman, Florian" uniqKey="Zeman F" first="Florian" last="Zeman">Florian Zeman</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A15">Center for Clinical Studies, University Hospital Regensburg, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Center for Clinical Studies, University Hospital Regensburg</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>University Hospital Regensburg</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>University Hospital Regensburg</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>University Hospital Regensburg</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Langguth, Berthold" sort="Langguth, Berthold" uniqKey="Langguth B" first="Berthold" last="Langguth">Berthold Langguth</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>University of Regensburg</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>University of Regensburg</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>University of Regensburg</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A2">Interdisciplinary Tinnitus Clinic, University of Regensburg, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Interdisciplinary Tinnitus Clinic, University of Regensburg</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>University of Regensburg</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>University of Regensburg</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>University of Regensburg</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">22789414</idno><idno type="pmc">3897200</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3897200</idno><idno 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M" first="Michael" last="Landgrebe">Michael Landgrebe</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>University of Regensburg</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>University of Regensburg</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>University of Regensburg</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A2">Interdisciplinary Tinnitus Clinic, University of Regensburg, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Interdisciplinary Tinnitus Clinic, University of Regensburg</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>University of Regensburg</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>University of Regensburg</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>University of Regensburg</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Azevedo, Andreia" sort="Azevedo, Andreia" uniqKey="Azevedo A" first="Andréia" last="Azevedo">Andréia Azevedo</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A3">Department of Otolaryngology, Otosul-Otorrinolaringologia Sul-Fluminense, Volta Redonda, Brasil</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Otolaryngology, Otosul-Otorrinolaringologia Sul-Fluminense, Volta Redonda</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Volta Redonda</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Baguley, David" sort="Baguley, David" uniqKey="Baguley D" first="David" last="Baguley">David Baguley</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A4">Audiology Department, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge, UK</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Audiology Department, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Cambridge</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bauer, Carol" sort="Bauer, Carol" uniqKey="Bauer C" first="Carol" last="Bauer">Carol Bauer</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A5">Division of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Illinois</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cacace, Anthony" sort="Cacace, Anthony" uniqKey="Cacace A" first="Anthony" last="Cacace">Anthony Cacace</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A6">Department of Communications Sciences & Disorders, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Communications Sciences & Disorders, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Michigan</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Coelho, Claudia" sort="Coelho, Claudia" uniqKey="Coelho C" first="Claudia" last="Coelho">Claudia Coelho</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A7">Instituto de Avaliação de Tecnologia em Saúde and Grupo de Pesquisa em Neurotologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Instituto de Avaliação de Tecnologia em Saúde and Grupo de Pesquisa em Neurotologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Rio Grande do Sul</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dornhoffer, John" sort="Dornhoffer, John" uniqKey="Dornhoffer J" first="John" last="Dornhoffer">John Dornhoffer</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A8">Department of Neurobiology and Developmental Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurobiology and Developmental Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Arkansas</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Figueiredo, Ricardo" sort="Figueiredo, Ricardo" uniqKey="Figueiredo R" first="Ricardo" last="Figueiredo">Ricardo Figueiredo</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A3">Department of Otolaryngology, Otosul-Otorrinolaringologia Sul-Fluminense, Volta Redonda, Brasil</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Otolaryngology, Otosul-Otorrinolaringologia Sul-Fluminense, Volta Redonda</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Volta Redonda</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Flor, Herta" sort="Flor, Herta" uniqKey="Flor H" first="Herta" last="Flor">Herta Flor</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A9">Institute of Neuropsychology, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Neuropsychology, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Bade-Wurtemberg</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Karlsruhe</region><settlement type="city">Mannheim</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hajak, Goeran" sort="Hajak, Goeran" uniqKey="Hajak G" first="Goeran" last="Hajak">Goeran Hajak</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A10">Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Sozialstiftung Bamberg, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Sozialstiftung Bamberg</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Sozialstiftung Bamberg</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Sozialstiftung Bamberg</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Sozialstiftung Bamberg</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van De Heyning, Paul" sort="Van De Heyning, Paul" uniqKey="Van De Heyning P" first="Paul" last="Van De Heyning">Paul Van De Heyning</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A11">Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Belgique</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Antwerp University Hospital</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Antwerp University Hospital</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hiller, Wolfgang" sort="Hiller, Wolfgang" uniqKey="Hiller W" first="Wolfgang" last="Hiller">Wolfgang Hiller</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A12">Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Psychological Institute, University of Mainz, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Psychological Institute, University of Mainz</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>University of Mainz</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>University of Mainz</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>University of Mainz</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Khedr, Eman" sort="Khedr, Eman" uniqKey="Khedr E" first="Eman" last="Khedr">Eman Khedr</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A13">Department of Neurology, Assiut University Hospital, Assiut, Egypt</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Égypte</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurology, Assiut University Hospital, Assiut</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Assiut</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kleinjung, Tobias" sort="Kleinjung, Tobias" uniqKey="Kleinjung T" first="Tobias" last="Kleinjung">Tobias Kleinjung</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A14">Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Zurich, Switzerland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Zurich</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Zurich</settlement><region nuts="3" type="region">Canton de Zurich</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université de Zurich</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Koller, Michael" sort="Koller, Michael" uniqKey="Koller M" first="Michael" last="Koller">Michael Koller</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A15">Center for Clinical Studies, University Hospital Regensburg, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Center for Clinical Studies, University Hospital Regensburg</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>University Hospital Regensburg</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>University Hospital Regensburg</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>University Hospital Regensburg</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lainez, Jose Miguel" sort="Lainez, Jose Miguel" uniqKey="Lainez J" first="Jose Miguel" last="Lainez">Jose Miguel Lainez</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A16">Department of Neurology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurology, University of Valencia, Valencia</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Valencia</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Londero, Alain" sort="Londero, Alain" uniqKey="Londero A" first="Alain" last="Londero">Alain Londero</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A17">Service ORL et CCF, Hôpital Européen G. Pompidou, Paris, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Service ORL et CCF, Hôpital Européen G. Pompidou, Paris</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Paris</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Martin, William H" sort="Martin, William H" uniqKey="Martin W" first="William H." last="Martin">William H. Martin</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A18">Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Oregon</region><settlement type="city">Portland</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">Université des sciences et de la médecine de l'Oregon</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mennemeier, Mark" sort="Mennemeier, Mark" uniqKey="Mennemeier M" first="Mark" last="Mennemeier">Mark Mennemeier</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A19">Department of Neurobiology and Developmental Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurobiology and Developmental Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Piccirillo, Jay" sort="Piccirillo, Jay" uniqKey="Piccirillo J" first="Jay" last="Piccirillo">Jay Piccirillo</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A20">Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck and Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck and Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Missouri (État)</region><settlement type="city">Saint-Louis (Missouri)</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">École de médecine (Université Washington de Saint-Louis)</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De Ridder, Dirk" sort="De Ridder, Dirk" uniqKey="De Ridder D" first="Dirk" last="De Ridder">Dirk De Ridder</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A21">TRI Tinnitus Clinic Antwerp, University Hospital Antwerp, Belgium</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Belgique</country><wicri:regionArea>TRI Tinnitus Clinic Antwerp, University Hospital Antwerp</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>University Hospital Antwerp</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rupprecht, Rainer" sort="Rupprecht, Rainer" uniqKey="Rupprecht R" first="Rainer" last="Rupprecht">Rainer Rupprecht</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>University of Regensburg</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>University of Regensburg</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>University of Regensburg</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Searchfield, Grant" sort="Searchfield, Grant" uniqKey="Searchfield G" first="Grant" last="Searchfield">Grant Searchfield</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A22">Section of Audiology, School of Population Health, The University of Auckland, New Zealand</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Nouvelle-Zélande</country><wicri:regionArea>Section of Audiology, School of Population Health, The University of Auckland</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>The University of Auckland</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vanneste, Sven" sort="Vanneste, Sven" uniqKey="Vanneste S" first="Sven" last="Vanneste">Sven Vanneste</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A21">TRI Tinnitus Clinic Antwerp, University Hospital Antwerp, Belgium</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Belgique</country><wicri:regionArea>TRI Tinnitus Clinic Antwerp, University Hospital Antwerp</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>University Hospital Antwerp</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zeman, Florian" sort="Zeman, Florian" uniqKey="Zeman F" first="Florian" last="Zeman">Florian Zeman</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A15">Center for Clinical Studies, University Hospital Regensburg, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Center for Clinical Studies, University Hospital Regensburg</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>University Hospital Regensburg</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>University Hospital Regensburg</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>University Hospital Regensburg</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Langguth, Berthold" sort="Langguth, Berthold" uniqKey="Langguth B" first="Berthold" last="Langguth">Berthold Langguth</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>University of Regensburg</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>University of Regensburg</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>University of Regensburg</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A2">Interdisciplinary Tinnitus Clinic, University of Regensburg, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Interdisciplinary Tinnitus Clinic, University of Regensburg</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>University of Regensburg</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>University of Regensburg</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>University of Regensburg</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Journal of psychosomatic research</title><idno type="ISSN">0022-3999</idno><idno type="eISSN">1879-1360</idno><imprint><date when="2012">2012</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p id="P1">Chronic tinnitus is a common condition with a high burden of disease. While many different treatments are used in clinical practice, the evidence for the efficacy of these treatments is low and the variance of treatment response between individuals is high. This is most likely due to the great heterogeneity of tinnitus with respect to clinical features as well as underlying pathophysiological mechanisms. There is a clear need to find effective treatment options in tinnitus, however, clinical trials differ substantially with respect to methodological quality and design. Consequently, the conclusions that can be derived from these studies are limited and jeopardize comparison between studies. Here, we discuss our view of the most important aspects of trial design in clinical studies in tinnitus and make suggestions for an international methodological standard in tinnitus trials. We hope that the proposed methodological standard will stimulate scientific discussion and will help to improve the quality of trials in tinnitus.</p></div></front></TEI><affiliations><list><country><li>Allemagne</li><li>Belgique</li><li>Brésil</li><li>Espagne</li><li>France</li><li>Nouvelle-Zélande</li><li>Royaume-Uni</li><li>Suisse</li><li>Égypte</li><li>États-Unis</li></country><region><li>Arkansas</li><li>Bade-Wurtemberg</li><li>Canton de Zurich</li><li>District de Karlsruhe</li><li>Illinois</li><li>Michigan</li><li>Missouri (État)</li><li>Oregon</li><li>Rio Grande do Sul</li></region><settlement><li>Mannheim</li><li>Paris</li><li>Portland</li><li>Saint-Louis (Missouri)</li><li>Zurich</li></settlement><orgName><li>Université de Zurich</li><li>Université des sciences et de la médecine de l'Oregon</li><li>École de médecine (Université Washington de Saint-Louis)</li></orgName></list><tree><country name="Allemagne"><noRegion><name sortKey="Landgrebe, Michael" sort="Landgrebe, Michael" uniqKey="Landgrebe M" first="Michael" last="Landgrebe">Michael Landgrebe</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Flor, Herta" sort="Flor, Herta" uniqKey="Flor H" first="Herta" last="Flor">Herta Flor</name><name sortKey="Hajak, Goeran" sort="Hajak, Goeran" uniqKey="Hajak G" first="Goeran" last="Hajak">Goeran Hajak</name><name sortKey="Hiller, Wolfgang" sort="Hiller, Wolfgang" uniqKey="Hiller W" first="Wolfgang" last="Hiller">Wolfgang Hiller</name><name sortKey="Koller, Michael" sort="Koller, Michael" uniqKey="Koller M" first="Michael" last="Koller">Michael Koller</name><name sortKey="Landgrebe, Michael" sort="Landgrebe, Michael" uniqKey="Landgrebe M" first="Michael" last="Landgrebe">Michael Landgrebe</name><name sortKey="Langguth, Berthold" sort="Langguth, Berthold" uniqKey="Langguth B" first="Berthold" last="Langguth">Berthold Langguth</name><name sortKey="Langguth, Berthold" sort="Langguth, Berthold" uniqKey="Langguth B" first="Berthold" last="Langguth">Berthold Langguth</name><name sortKey="Rupprecht, Rainer" sort="Rupprecht, Rainer" uniqKey="Rupprecht R" first="Rainer" last="Rupprecht">Rainer Rupprecht</name><name sortKey="Zeman, Florian" sort="Zeman, Florian" uniqKey="Zeman F" first="Florian" last="Zeman">Florian Zeman</name></country><country name="Brésil"><noRegion><name sortKey="Azevedo, Andreia" sort="Azevedo, Andreia" uniqKey="Azevedo A" first="Andréia" last="Azevedo">Andréia Azevedo</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Coelho, Claudia" sort="Coelho, Claudia" uniqKey="Coelho C" first="Claudia" last="Coelho">Claudia Coelho</name><name sortKey="Figueiredo, Ricardo" sort="Figueiredo, Ricardo" uniqKey="Figueiredo R" first="Ricardo" last="Figueiredo">Ricardo Figueiredo</name></country><country name="Royaume-Uni"><noRegion><name sortKey="Baguley, David" sort="Baguley, David" uniqKey="Baguley D" first="David" last="Baguley">David Baguley</name></noRegion></country><country name="États-Unis"><region name="Illinois"><name sortKey="Bauer, Carol" sort="Bauer, Carol" uniqKey="Bauer C" first="Carol" last="Bauer">Carol Bauer</name></region><name sortKey="Cacace, Anthony" sort="Cacace, Anthony" uniqKey="Cacace A" first="Anthony" last="Cacace">Anthony Cacace</name><name sortKey="Dornhoffer, John" sort="Dornhoffer, John" uniqKey="Dornhoffer J" first="John" last="Dornhoffer">John Dornhoffer</name><name sortKey="Martin, William H" sort="Martin, William H" uniqKey="Martin W" first="William H." last="Martin">William H. Martin</name><name sortKey="Mennemeier, Mark" sort="Mennemeier, Mark" uniqKey="Mennemeier M" first="Mark" last="Mennemeier">Mark Mennemeier</name><name sortKey="Piccirillo, Jay" sort="Piccirillo, Jay" uniqKey="Piccirillo J" first="Jay" last="Piccirillo">Jay Piccirillo</name></country><country name="Belgique"><noRegion><name sortKey="Van De Heyning, Paul" sort="Van De Heyning, Paul" uniqKey="Van De Heyning P" first="Paul" last="Van De Heyning">Paul Van De Heyning</name></noRegion><name sortKey="De Ridder, Dirk" sort="De Ridder, Dirk" uniqKey="De Ridder D" first="Dirk" last="De Ridder">Dirk De Ridder</name><name sortKey="Vanneste, Sven" sort="Vanneste, Sven" uniqKey="Vanneste S" first="Sven" last="Vanneste">Sven Vanneste</name></country><country name="Égypte"><noRegion><name sortKey="Khedr, Eman" sort="Khedr, Eman" uniqKey="Khedr E" first="Eman" last="Khedr">Eman Khedr</name></noRegion></country><country name="Suisse"><region name="Canton de Zurich"><name sortKey="Kleinjung, Tobias" sort="Kleinjung, Tobias" uniqKey="Kleinjung T" first="Tobias" last="Kleinjung">Tobias Kleinjung</name></region></country><country name="Espagne"><noRegion><name sortKey="Lainez, Jose Miguel" sort="Lainez, Jose Miguel" uniqKey="Lainez J" first="Jose Miguel" last="Lainez">Jose Miguel Lainez</name></noRegion></country><country name="France"><noRegion><name sortKey="Londero, Alain" sort="Londero, Alain" uniqKey="Londero A" first="Alain" last="Londero">Alain Londero</name></noRegion></country><country name="Nouvelle-Zélande"><noRegion><name sortKey="Searchfield, Grant" sort="Searchfield, Grant" uniqKey="Searchfield G" first="Grant" last="Searchfield">Grant Searchfield</name></noRegion></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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